In Greg Egan’s novel “Permutation City,” the character Peer experiences the existential crisis of achieving immortality and total control within a virtual reality world, only to find himself terribly bored. This dilemma leads to a deeper consideration of what remains when technology has solved humanity’s deepest problems. Philosopher Nick Bostrom’s latest publication, “Deep Utopia,” explores the potential outcomes of a world where artificial intelligence (AI) has advanced to the point where it can do all economically valuable work at near-zero cost.
One scenario presented by Bostrom involves a “post-scarcity” Utopia, where the need for work would be greatly reduced. In such a world, individuals could explore experiences beyond humanity’s current conception, aided by powerful technology that expands the realm of possibility. However, the economic explosion caused by superintelligence would still be confined by physical resource limitations, such as land availability.
Positional goods, which enhance the status of their owners, are likely to persist in an AI Utopia, indicating that certain forms of competition and scarcity may endure even in a world of advanced technology. Bostrom suggests that some types of competition, like sport, have intrinsic value and should be preserved. Additionally, the concept of a “post-instrumental” world is introduced, where AIs may even surpass humans in tasks such as parenting.
Despite the potential for human leisure and abundance in an AI-driven society, there is a concern that individuals may struggle to find purpose and fulfillment. The notion of a “paradox of progress” emerges, raising questions about whether humans would continue to derive satisfaction from endless variations of consumption and activities. Bostrom speculates that while most people may still enjoy activities with intrinsic value, the prospect of an AI Utopia challenges traditional beliefs about human desires and fulfillment.
In conclusion, the concept of an AI Utopia prompts us to consider the implications of a world where technology has advanced to the point of near-limitless capabilities. While the potential for leisure and exploration of new experiences is exciting, there are looming questions about the impact on human purpose and fulfillment. Bostrom’s exploration of these scenarios challenges us to rethink our assumptions about progress and the nature of human desire in a rapidly evolving technological landscape.
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